Free software vs. open source

Over the past ten years, the term "open source" has found a place in the public consciousness. The idea got an early boost in 1998, when Netscape decided to release the source code of their flagship program, the Communicator suite, for others to improve upon. It seemed like a desperate business decision for a company that was about to be crushed by Microsoft. But the hard work that countless programmers, designers, and testers put into Netscape's code has brought us the ever more popular Mozilla Firefox browser, which is now used by nearly 20% of web surfers. (Yes, I just said "web surfers." Really puts you in the 1998 mood, doesn't it?)

Nowadays, every software company announces that it's open-sourcing this or that, always to the delight of the community. There's a large and growing number of software developers and users who support the open source ideals. But what exactly are these ideals? How did they come about? What implications do they have?

The open source movement originated from the free software movement, which was founded by Richard Stallman. When Stallman became a computer programmer in the 1970s, it was customary for programmers around the world to share the source code for their programs so that other programmers could study and improve them. Stallman saw the good things that this atmosphere of cooperation created. But by the early 1980s, it became more common for companies to distribute proprietary software, which placed restrictions on the users' ability to modify and redistribute the software for their own needs.

To combat the proliferation of software that kept its users "divided and helpless," Stallman founded the Free Software Foundation in 1985. He codified the programmer community's vanishing ethic in the Free Software Definition. According to this document, a program is called "free software" if it gives its users all of the following freedoms:

• The freedom to run the program for any purpose.
• The freedom to study how the program works and adapt it to your needs.
• The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor.
• The freedom to improve the program and release your improvements to the public so that the whole community benefits.

The free software movement grew slowly at first but became more popular as the the FSF's GNU operating system, combined with the Linux kernel, found its way into server rooms and onto computer geeks' desktops. The success of GNU/Linux, better known simply as Linux, had people fired up about free software. But some supporters differed from Stallman in several respects.

First, they didn't like the development model that the FSF used for GNU. The FSF had a very authoritative role in the development process of its operating system, controlling which improvements it would accept from members of the community. Linus Torvalds, on the other hand, allowed a large community of programmers to guide the development of his Linux kernel, which is probably one reason why it became so popular. In addition, the younger supporters of free software, such as Torvalds himself, grew up in a world where proprietary software was commonplace. Unlike Stallman, they weren't around to see their freedoms being taken away. They were more focused on the community aspect of software development than issues of freedom.

This led a group of free software supporters to create the Open Source Initiative and publish the Open Source Definition. Its requirements are similar enough that almost all open source software is free software and vice versa. The OSI advocated the term "open source" to make free software more community-oriented and palatable to companies that might be afraid of the word "free." Shortly thereafter, Netscape announced it would be open-sourcing Netscape Communicator, and the media ate it up. Open source stayed in the minds of the public in a way that free software never had.

Since then, the many people have moved to the term "open source" because they see it as less ambiguous than "free software." But is it really? The FSF cites cases of various authorities assuming "open source" to mean "software for which the source code is available." Those people clearly haven't read the Open Source Definition, which extends "open source" beyond its literal meaning to describe the freedoms that users have with the source code. In fact, the definition begins, "Open source doesn't just mean access to the source code."

The term "free software" can be confusing because "free" can mean either "without cost" or "unrestrained." But according to the FSF, "free software" is less ambiguous: one sense of the term captures the FSF's intended meaning, but no sense of "open source" encompasses the OSI's full meaning. The confusion over the meaning of "open source" means that companies can release code under licenses that allow the viewing of source code but little else, and some people will inevitably call it "open source."

While the FSF and OSI seem to resent one another, they do work together because they basically have the same goal in common. It's their ideologies that differ. When you talk about free/open source software, you might want to consider which side you're really on. The FSF says that software should respect your freedom to do whatever you want with it. The OSI emphasizes its belief that the most valuable software has a community of users developing it.

If you haven't been able to tell, I know which side I'm on. I support the free software movement, and I recognize that without freedom, there can be no community collaboration. But if you're not sure, or if you want to stay neutral, you might like the increasingly popular term "free and open source software" (FOSS) or the even less ambiguous "free (libre) open source software" (FLOSS). In the meantime, you can browse the official sites of the FSF and OSI to get a feel for what their respective movements are about.

Hidden in plain sight

Here's something more people need to know: when you delete a file from your hard drive, it could still remain there, inaccessible through normal means, for a long time. Here's an analogy: Think of a hard drive like a book in which each file occupies one or more pages. The pages may or may not be in order, so there's a table of contents to let you know what's there and how to find it. Deleting a file only removes it from the table of contents. When files are added later, they are added to pages that aren't listed in the table of contents, an act which may or may not overwrite old, de-listed files. Well, it's something like that.

These deleted files aren't normally accessible. But there are programs that scan hard drives for unlisted, "deleted" files. If you're going to be selling a hard drive or flash drive, the security implications are enormous. There are numerous accounts of people buying old hard drives or camera memory cards on eBay and using "undelete" utilities to find photos and even credit card numbers. Today I decided to try out one such program to find files I had deleted from my flash drives. The program I used is called Magic Rescue, and it's available as magicrescue in Ubuntu's repositories and probably other Linux distributions. So this is a Linux program, but there are similar tools for other operating systems.

Magic Rescue works by scanning a drive for certain file types that you specify and outputting any that it finds into a separate folder (which should be on a separate drive to prevent the program from duplicating the same files over and over again and entering an infinite loop). It works on any filesystem or lack thereof. To use magicrescue, you need to know the device name of the drive you're going to work on. It should be in /dev. For me, it was /dev/sdb1 whenever I had one flash drive plugged in. I was able to find this by going to the GNOME Partition Editor (gparted), but there's probably a better way. In any case, do find out the right device name before you run the program, or else infinite loops might happen and the world will explode. You might also want to unmount the drive. I'm not sure if it's necessary, but it couldn't hurt.

The folder /usr/share/magicrescue/recipes contains "recipes," or brief scripts for recognizing certain types of files. If you need a recipe that's not there, you might be able to find it on the Internet or, if you're really good, write it yourself. Some of them require programs that you may not have; to extract JPEGs, you need jpegtran (which I was able to get by installing libjpeg-progs). You use the -r flag to specify any or all of the recipes when doing a search. The -d flag says where you want to place any files that Magic Rescue finds. The final argument is the location of the drive being searched. Here's what I ran when I searched a "blank" flash drive for some file types that I'd be likely to put on there:

sudo magicrescue -r avi -r gimp-xcf -r gzip -r mp3-id3v2 -r msoffice -r zip -r png -r jpeg-exif -r jpeg-jfif -d ~/found-new /dev/sdb1

Maybe it wasn't necessary to include the -r a million times? But it worked anyway, and I found some pretty interesting stuff. It tended to find more recent files, which, in the case of one of my flash drives, were projects from my senior year of high school. Many different revisions of a few Microsoft Office files were retrieved, which gives some indication about how they're saved. My camera's memory cards revealed more secrets. Again, most of the photos it found were recent, but I recognized one as being from April 2005. I went back to my folder of April 2005 photos just to be sure, and... it wasn't there. I knew I had taken 62 photos that particular day, and here was a final 63rd that the camera never told me about.

So you see, deleting files doesn't delete them for good, and in fact, they can remain for years. So you're going to want to get rid of them for good. Luckily, this is possible. Just as there are programs that can scour drives for deleted files, there are others that can overwrite them so they would be very hard (if not impossible) to recover. The GNU utility for this is called shred. (Windows has a similar tool whose name escapes me.) shred can obscure individual files or an entire drive by writing random data or zeroes. By default it does this 25 times.

I took one of my "blank" flash drives (that had 45 recoverable files on it) and used shred to overwrite the whole drive with random data five times and once more with zeroes. Again, the drive had been unmounted. And again, if you try this, be very, very sure of which device you're shredding.

sudo shred -n5 -z /dev/sdb1

This took about 10 minutes to complete on a 64 MB flash drive. Once it was done, there was absolutely nothing on the drive, not even a filesystem. When I ran Magic Rescue on it again, it found nothing. I reformatted it to make it usable again, and it was ready to go, as though the old files had never existed. (Just to be sure, I ran Magic Rescue again after reformatting, and it still didn't find anything.)

So before you give away that old computer or camera, remember that reformatting the hard drive or memory card isn't enough. Your data could still be retrievable using simple tools. You have to actually overwrite the old data, preferably a large number of times, so your sensitive financial information and/or drunken party photos don't get into the wrong hands.

Back in the '50s, being a paperboy was a big deal. Check out the Cleveland Press's Carrier's Handbook from back in the day. Later, the newspapers figured out they could save money by just throwing papers out of a truck.

As most older Americans can tell you where they were when John F. Kennedy was assassinated on November 22, 1963, longtime South Floridians can tell you what they were doing on January 19, 1977, when it snowed here for the first time in recorded history. Wikipedia has a comprehensive list of snow events in Florida.

How much do you know about the Nobel Prizes? Here are 12 Things You May Not Know About the Nobel Prizes.

Blah blah blah

I went ahead and upgraded to Firefox 3 yesterday, leaving a backup of my profile folder in case I wanted to downgrade.

Good things:

• It seems faster. I'm not sure if it actually is, but it seems that way. It might be that I don't have as many extensions installed (since some of them aren't yet compatible).
• The AwesomeBar is pretty awesome. I've only been using the browser for a day, but I expect to get more accustomed to it.
• Better operating system integration, with a Tango theme that fits right in with everything else on my desktop. The widgets (checkboxes, radio buttons) are nice and smooth the way they should be. Text boxes have rounded edges. And the currently selected tab now has a nice hue to it that I think wasn't there before. Some buttons are smoother, and others look the same.
• Seems to be tougher on web standards. Despite the aches and pains that this may cause to web designers 'n' developers, it's a good thing. For what it's worth, Firefox 3 doesn't render web pages any differently from Firefox 2, but I have to write nicer JavaScript for it.
• You can click on a site's favicon (or lack thereof) to see the security information. Previously, the most you could see from the main browser window was whether a connection was encrypted. Now, the space around the favicon is blue if a site has basic security measures ("You are connected to example.com and the connection is encrypted") and green if it has complete identity verification ("You are connected to example.com, which is operated by Example Co., San Francisco, CA, and the connection is encrypted"). In the latter case, the name of the company or organization will show up next to the URL in the address bar. Firefox also warns you rather strongly if a site has a bad security certificate. I think these features are a good idea. Here's some more info.
• The thing where it asks you to save a password after you've tried to log in is cool.
• I like the improvements made to the download window. I may be the only person on Earth who likes Firefox's download manager the way it is: in a separate window. (A lot of people love the Download Statusbar extension. Tried it, didn't like it.) In Firefox 3, the download window has been refined a bit: you can search among your downloads, go to the pages where you downloaded each file from, and so on. A message appears in the browser's status bar tells you how many downloads you have going and how many minutes they have left. And you get a pop-up notification when they're done.

Bad things:

• It's still a memory hog from my limited experience. It's using 455 MB for me right now, but that's less than it was at a little while ago. It does seem to give unused RAM back, though.
• I thought I'd give the new malware notification feature a try. (This is not to be confused with the similar anti-phishing feature that has been around for a while.) It always seemed to download the list of bad sites when I was loading a page (or pages), which used all of my bandwidth and slowed down page loading massively. I unchecked the option and haven't had the problem since. I'm smart, and I can recognize suspicious web sites. [Edit Mon Jun 23, 2008 10:55 EST (UTC -5): This problem is caused by an extension and has nothing to do with Firefox's malware protection or Firefox itself.]
• Firefox 3 likes to wreak havoc on my site. It sometimes displays pages without the stylesheet or randomly fails to load random images. Sometimes it starts to load the page without a stylesheet and then applies it an instant later. It only reminds me how bad of a job I did with this layout. (Next time I redesign the site, whenever that may be, I'll make sure it looks good without a stylesheet. I'll also blindfold myself and see if I can get around using a screenreader. If not, it's back to as-yet-nonexistent drawing board.) I've set nglayout.initialpaint.delay to a nonzero value, but I'm not sure if that trick still works. We'll see. [Edit Mon Jun 23, 2008 19:59 EST (UTC -5): This problem was caused by my server's response to an about:config setting that was drastically different from the default for some reason.]

A thing I am ambivalent about:

• Bookmarking. Maybe it's just that I have too many bookmarks, but the changes in Firefox 3 make bookmarking a little more confusing. One-click bookmarking is simple, but it sends your bookmarks into the "Unsorted Bookmarks" folder, which you kind of have to hunt for. If you just click again, you can choose a folder and add tags. Looks like I won't be needing the OpenBook extension anymore. But your bookmarks now exist in three separate domains: the Bookmarks Toolbar Folder, the Bookmarks Menu, and your Unsorted Bookmarks. It looks like you can also place bookmarks outside that hierarchy (or non-hierarchy) if you so desire. Anyway, this seems to be an incentive to clean up all the loose bookmarks I've had lying around, like four Garfield Minus Garfield cartoons. The bookmarks and history can be found together in the Library, which I would like to be more easily accessible than Bookmarks -> Organize Bookmarks. (Oh, it's also available through History -> Show All History. But why not just have a button for the Library?)

I have had other issues, but most of them involve extensions, so they aren't Firefox's fault. That said, I recommend upgrading. It's new, it's shiny, it's probably fast. The good outweighs the bad.

I was going to write once again about my lack of romantic companionship, but listening to music and having a good conversation with a friend are therapeutic. I'll be going with my family to visit my grandparents this weekend. Peace out.

You can see changes in political and graphic design trends by looking at USA political election logos 2008 - 1960. (They go reverse-chronologically, so the name is arguably appropriate.)

Speaking of graphic design: these album covers might hurt your eyes, but they're really cool. Soulwax: Nite Versions, Any Minute Now.

I've always wondered how trigonometric values could be calculated without computers or calculators. I had no idea that there were so many exact trigonometric constants that could be written as ratios of irrational and irrational quantities.

News on the march

Yesterday I went to my friend Kim's graduation party. Actually it's more like my friend Mark's sister Kim's graduation party. I hadn't seen Mark in a while, so it was good to see him. He's grown out his hair and lost weight, so everyone's saying that he looks like me. I do like to think that I served as the inspiration for his hairstyle since it does look exactly like mine. He's growing sideburns as well. Maybe I'm starting a trend!

Ever since I'd upgraded Ubuntu to version 8.04, I've encountered a problem with a certain font in Firefox. When the default sans-serif font (DejaVu Sans) is in a justified paragraph, the lowercase letter "f" overlaps with the letters around it, making words like "office" annoying to read. It's only for justified paragraphs, and only with that font. I should have realized sooner that the solution is to change Firefox's default sans-serif font. Bitstream Vera Sans is practically identical, except that it doesn't suffer that problem. Just thought I'd throw that out there for anyone else who may be experiencing the problem.

News out of Eugene, Oregon: On Friday, a peaceful demonstration against pesticides turned ugly when a protester was subdued and tasered. It started when a University of Oregon student wearing an exterminator suit was spraying water at his surroundings and asking people if they'd like to be sprayed with poison. A plainclothes police officer who was driving by told him to stay off the street, so walked out of the street to sit down. As he was sitting, police officers allegedly dragged him away by his hair. They tasered him at least twice. Two others were arrested for trying to stop the police officers' actions. The young man and one of the others have concussions. The reasons for his arrest are ambiguous.

Now, Crazy People for Wild Places, a student group at the university, is trying to get the protesters' charges dropped. My friend Luke is friends with some of the protesters who were present. He calls the actions "politically motivated" and "uncalled for," and he's helping to get the word out by starting a web site for the CPWP.

In my opinion, this all really boils down to one issue: Is saying that you're spraying poison the same as yelling fire in a crowded theater, or should the context matter? After all, my parents always said, "It's not what you say, it's how you say it." This young man was dressed as an exterminator at an anti-pesticide rally. It would seem to me that poison would be the last thing he'd want to be spraying on a city street, and my gut reaction is that the police took their ever-expanding authority too far. Power corrupts, my friends. This I have learned. Even if they police are legally right, I believe they're morally wrong.

Once again, here's the link for Crazy People for Wild Places, and if you're in the greater Eugene area, check out the list of their upcoming events and media appearances.

[Update Tue Jun 3, 2008 19:50 UTC -5: Here's a video that features eyewitness testimonies and footage of the incidents.]

Okay, now this is pretty ridiculous. You all know Digg, right? It's a social bookmarking site. You bookmark a site with Digg, and other Digg users can comment on the page and vote it up and so on and so on. Okay, so Wikileaks posted a copy of Kappa Sigma Fraternity's secret book of secret rituals, and one person Dugg it. But it was enough for Kappa Sigma's lawyers to send Digg a takedown notice because they were linking to a page that was linking to the copyrighted material.

Incidentally, I know a guy who joined that fraternity. He wanted to show me what they did to his dorm room right after he was initiated. They completely trashed it -- mattress on the floor, flour in the dresser drawers, papers everywhere, posters torn down, tiny objects on the floor that you'd have to pick up individually because they'd break the vacuum, etc. -- and left him to clean it up himself. They also marked the place with "ΚΣ" and the initials of the secret motto. It was about 3 in the morning when he showed me, and he was drunk and still working on cleaning everything up then.

On to lighter topics: How about Office Space recut as a thriller? Watch the fake trailer. There are a lot of crappy recut trailers, but this one's pretty good. I promise.

And finally, some Intricate and Realistic Lego Creations. My favorite is the Lego portrait of The Beatles from the Sgt. Pepper album. It's very well done. I wonder where they got the idea...

All rites reversed

My old high school's prom was this past weekend. The photos have started to come in on MySpace and Facebook. It looked like everybody had a good time. And of course, it got me thinking about my own prom, which was last year. I could go on for a while about how great it was. I could mention more details that I didn't add to the original post. For example, one of the songs I remember dancing to was "Hey Ya!" Everyone went crazy immediately upon hearing the count-in. I could also mention how the only regret is that I didn't get the nerve to talk to Jannike sooner. But I won't. I just hope the Class of '08 had as good of a time at their prom as I did at mine.

Anyway, what I really wanted to talk about today was copyleft. What's that, you ask? Before we answer that question, we have to ask: What is copyright? Mr. Webster says:

For example, the above quotation is from the 1913 edition of Webster's dictionary, which is no longer protected by copyright. As such, I can quote as much of it as I want in this blog post, and everyone in general can do anything with it that they please. If it had been copyrighted, I wouldn't have been able to quote very much without first requesting permission from the copyright holder and likely paying a large fee.

Over the years, copyright protection has become much more widespread in several ways. First, it is much easier for works to be copyrighted. Instead of having to file a form with the U.S. Copyright Office and include a copyright notice in your work, anything you create in a tangible form is instantly copyrighted whether you include a notice or not. Second, the control that copyright holders have over their work has been extended to include not only copying but also adapting, performing, translating... basically everything but quoting brief passages. Third, copyright terms have been extended drastically, from 56 years in 1975 to 120 years or more in many cases today. The effect of all this is that it's getting harder for people today to follow in the footsteps of generations of innovators in science, business, and entertainment, who advanced our culture by building upon material that had little or no copyright protection.

Enter copyleft. First devised for computer software in the 1970s, "copyleft" refers to any form of copyright licensing in which the copyright holder revokes some of his exclusive rights to the work and requires anyone who modifies the work to do the same. So you can be sure than any work that is covered by copyleft will always be free for other people to use, no matter how it is changed. (Until the copyright expires, at least.)

Maybe you've heard of the GPL, a copyleft software license. It's the license under which Linux-based operating systems are distributed. The GPL and similar licenses allow a group of people to collaborate on software, and that's part of what has made Linux so popular. Software development under the GPL advances rapidly because it allows people to adapt and extend other GPL-licensed programs. And there are many thousands of them. It's exciting stuff. What's more exciting (if you can believe it) is the recently released version 3 of the GPL, which closes a lot of loopholes that companies have discovered in the previous version in recent years.

Recently, it's become easy for people to apply copyleft to other works. This is largely due to Creative Commons, an organization that provides licenses for people to "easily mark their creative work with the freedoms they want it to carry." These licenses can apply to most anything you create, whether it's a web site, a book, a painting, a song, or something else entirely. Say you took a photo and posted it on the Internet, and you'll let anyone use it for any purpose as long as they give you credit. Just say it's licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license. Then, if somebody uses your photo without attributing you, they've violated the legalese of the license, and you can sue them. Other licenses prohibit making derivative works and/or using the work commercially. There are fun mix-and-match combinations to suit just about every need.

You may notice that these requirements themselves do not constitute copyleft; that is, someone who modifies someone else's work and just gives credit or uses it non-commercially can declare "All rights reserved" in their new version. But several Creative Commons licenses require users of the work to "share alike." I used to have this site licensed under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license, meaning that anybody could use my work for noncommercial purposes if they gave me credit and released their new version under the same license. Then, I got some requests to use some of my images for commercial purposes. I had to give them permission explicitly because the license forbids it in general. But I thought about it, and I realized that I wouldn't really mind if my works were used for commercial purposes. As long as they remain under copyleft ("ShareAlike"), it doesn't harm me or the general public. So recently, I re-licensed the content of this site under an Attribution-ShareAlike license. (Check out the sidebar and the footer to see those links you've never noticed!)

But I have to admit, folks: I haven't always been this attentive to copyright issues. I wrote The Dvorak Keyboard and You almost 6 years ago, when I was 13. When I needed an image of the Dvorak keyboard layout to illustrate the article, I searched the web and found high-resolution scan that someone had made from an MS-DOS manual. I prettified it, and other people copied it when they linked to me. That's no way to respect someone's copyright, even if it is Microsoft's. Yesterday, I finally decided to correct this indiscretion. I searched Flickr for a diagram of a keyboard that I would be able to use under the terms of the Attribution-ShareAlike license. I found one with an Attribution license, modified it for my own needs, gave the author credit according to the license, and relicensed the new work under the Attribution-ShareAlike license. (This is allowed because the original author is still being attributed and has not restricted the right of others to require sharing alike down the line. At least, that's what this table says.) Now, if someone comes along wanting to use my modified image, they'll have to give me and the original author credit and allow others the freedom to modify it for their own purposes. That's copyleft.

Lawrence Lessig, the founder of Creative Commons, has some interesting things to say about copyright in his book Free Culture, which I'm currently reading. It's pretty cool stuff, but I'll hold off on it until I've finished reading it. Besides, this has been enough for one post. And now, the links.

Here's an Animated History of the NYC Subway. It's an animated map that shows each line in the order it was built.

Math humor: 36 Methods of Mathematical Proof. This reminded me so much of my differential equations professor (what with his ingenious math tricks and all) that I sent him the link. I'm not sure whether he liked it or not.

Firefox Logo Spied in Deep Space? Okay, the image is a little modified from the original, but there's still a resemblance if you look at it the right way. At least it doesn't look like a woman wearing long robes or a guy with a beard.

Studying?

Final exams have begun. I had my first one today. Physics, it was. I did pretty well, too. I got an 85. According to my calculations, this means I'll have a B in the class, which is good. I didn't even have to study that much. Now I need to study for Differential Equations, which I also spent time studying for last night. I'll need all the studying I can manage to make myself do.

Last night, my roommate, Adam, was reminiscing about Nickelodeon's Super Toy Run, the annual sweepstakes in which the winner would go to Toys 'R' Us and have a few minutes to fill a shopping cart with anything they wanted. I mentioned how it reminded me of "Supermarket Sweep," a '90s game show which was about exciting as it sounds. For old times' sake, we watched an episode on YouTube. Check out the description for the video. The uploader (who appears as a contestant in the episode) says that the audience consisted of paid extras who were only present for the taping of the beginning of the show. So the rest of the applause throughout the show is canned. We noticed how strange it was that the contestants would clap for themselves when they got a question right; it's because no one else was actually clapping for them.

Boring technobabble follows.

The latest version of Ubuntu (8.04 or "Hardy Heron") came out on Thursday. I suppose the difficulty of downloading updates when a new version is released is a testimony to Ubuntu's growing popularity. This time, I couldn't get through the download. It took about three hours to get a third of the way done, and then it stopped. What's more, I couldn't re-connect, so I had to wait. But in my Googling, I found out that you can download the alternate install CD, mount it as though you've burned it to a CD, and use that to upgrade. So I tried downloading the CD. It was just as slow, if not slower, until it timed out.

By that time, a number of other mirrors had come online, so I was able to choose one that was a lot closer (and less overloaded). I downloaded the CD image from Georgia Tech at a rate of 4 MB/s. Yes, four megabytes per second! The 700 MB download was done in a few minutes. (I'm going to miss having a university Internet connection, but I wouldn't have had to resort to such drastic measures if they allowed BitTorrent traffic in the dorms.)

After mounting the CD image (sudo mount -o loop ubuntu-8.04-alternate-i386.iso /mnt/) and running the upgrade utility (gksudo "sh /mnt/cdromupgrade"), I was good to go. Or so I thought. Apparently you still need to connect to a server to verify the upgrades or something like that. Since I couldn't connect to the servers at all, it wouldn't work. But then I thought of going to System -> Administration -> Software Sources and choosing a different mirror. I let the system choose the fastest one to me, but it didn't seem to be working well. Russia? Belgium? I couldn't connect to either of them. I tried a third time. Georgia Tech. Aha.

Now that the upgrades could be authenticated or whatever had to be done, the upgrade went smoothly. After the reboot, I surveyed the virtual territory. There were the inevitable annoyances. For one, my default system font (DejaVu Sans Condensed) was uninstalled, but it was no problem to reinstall the ttf-dejavu-extra package. Another annoyance was that I would get a system beep whenever the computer booted up. I managed to turn this off by adding the line blacklist pcspkr to /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist. I've also noticed a couple of times that the bootup process gets to a plain black screen and stops with no hard drive activity. A perusal of the system log suggests that this is a network problem.

The main issue (unless I'm forgetting one) is that I couldn't have two applications using the sound card at the same time. If I were listening to music in Rhythmbox and I paused it to watch a YouTube video in Firefox, I wouldn't get any sound from the video. After some digging, I found that installing libflashsupport fixed this problem, but I still couldn't use Audacity if another application was playing sound. A friendly person from the Ubuntu Forums suggested I install libasound2-plugins. After doing that (and rebooting, just for kicks), I would be able to use OSS with PulseAudio, which is new in Hardy. So I set Audacity to use OSS, and when I run Audacity with padsp audacity, as suggested in the forums, it won't want to have the sound card all to itself. Problem solved... mostly. This doesn't work for Ekiga because I can only set Ekiga to use ALSA, not OSS, but it's a start. I haven't used Ekiga much lately anyway.

(Standard disclaimer: I don't know that much about computers. I learned the above information by searching the Internet and asking people.)

The Ubuntu developers made a pretty controversial decision when they decided to make Firefox 3 Beta 5 the default browser in Gutsy. Beta software in a release that's touted to be especially stable? It doesn't add up. I did my homework and found that some of my favorite extensions wouldn't be compatible, so I made a copy of my Firefox profile folder (~./mozilla/) before upgrading. It's a good thing, too. While Firefox 3 did seem to use less RAM, I noticed that it almost froze a few times. It did have some cool features, like the new location bar with its frecency algorithm, the new download manager, and the ability to zoom in and out of entire pages like IE 7 (I think). But the lack of useful extensions was the show-stopper for me. I uninstalled Firefox 3, reinstalled Firefox 2, replaced my profile folder with the copy, and all is well again.

Except for the fonts. Now in Hardy, Firefox equates displays the clones of Times New Roman and Helvetica/Arial whenever those fonts are called for. Previously, it would just show the default serif and sans-serif fonts (DejaVu Serif and DejaVu Sans), which I think happen to look better. They scale better, for one, and I think they better suited for the screen. I don't think this font thing is specific to Firefox, and I don't know to change it, but I've changed this site's stylesheet so DejaVu Sans precedes Arial. It shouldn't make a difference to anybody except certain Linux users (or anyone else who has DejaVu Sans?), but if it has caused the sky to fall on your head, please let me know.

So, what's actually new in Hardy? Updated versions of all (well, most of) my favorite programs, like Rhythmbox music player, Pidgin instant messenger, the GIMP image editor, and the OpenOffice.org office suite. Some of the more basic default programs have been replaced with more sophisticated ones; the BitTorrent client and the CD burner come to mind. Plus, this new Tracker search tool seems pretty handy although I haven't needed to use it yet. I'll probably discover more new and exciting additions as I continue to use the operating system.

Wikipedia has a list of pigs, although it also includes hogs and wild boars.

For your entertainment, here's a slow-motion video of a tomato in a blender.

And here are some cool photos of striped icebergs that apparently look like some British candy. I wouldn't want to eat one, though.

Almost over

Today was the last day of classes of the spring semester. Tomorrow and Friday are "reading days" to study for final exams. On Saturday, exams begin.

I can't believe how fast this semester has gone by. But I'm more surprised by the grades I've been getting. I was a straight-A student in high school (except for one B), and I'm on track to get 2 A's and 3 B's this semester. I guess I could have studied more. But I have to study more now. I have my physics exam on Saturday, differential equations on Monday, biology on Wednesday, and programming on Thursday. Luckily, my bio exam isn't cumulative, but the rest are.

I've been worried about physics all semester, but now that I got an 85 on the last test, I've got a B in the bag (after having a C+ most of the semester). Diff. Eq. has become the new enemy. I didn't do very well on the last two tests, so what might have been an A can now be no more than a B+ (if I'm lucky). So I've really got to hit the books. In fact, the only book I really don't have to hit is for programming, and not just because we don't have a textbook. I'm doing so well in that class that I haven't even checked to see how the grade is calculated. Programming really is my thing, y'see.

So, I talked to the latest girl today, and guess what? We're going to dinner tomorrow night!

Just kidding. She said it was a "bad time of year," with her having "three exams" in "two days" and all.

I would have asked her last week, or the week before that, or the week before that, but I was working up the nerve and I didn't want to get rejected. My careful planning has brought about the very situation I planned to avoid. This would be funny if it weren't so sad.

Moving on to important things, the next version of Ubuntu, my operating system of choice, is coming out tomorrow. It includes a lot of updated programs, including Firefox 3.0 beta 5. I just hope the update goes without a hitch. The last time I upgraded Ubuntu on my dad's computer, there were some hitches of unknown origin. I think the system managed to fix itself, but it was quite a scare, and I don't want it to happen with my computer. The alternative is to do a clean install and probably lose stuff like wireless and sound. Also, I'd have to put all my personal files and settings back on. I guess I'll just take the risk of upgrading, but I'll do a backup first in case things go awry. Wish me luck.

Here are some fun facts you probably didn't know about living in space.

I think I've posted something like this before, but in any case, here's another password strength checker.

The Pirate Bay, the world's largest BitTorrent tracker, gets a lot of nasty letters for facilitating the unauthorized downloading of copyrighted movies and music. They've posted a few of the many letters they've received, along with their responses.

Advisers and fliers

Scheeze, April already? Back in January, I had the idea to start an Esperanto club on campus, and I got some of my friends interested. I haven't mentioned it much since then. What happened, you ask? Well, I certainly wasn't just sitting around, that's for sure. We've been trying to find a faculty advisor, which is required for starting a club. I've been e-mailing professors in the foreign language departments, but the few who have replied did so in the negative. People might find the job interesting but are frequently too busy. It was discouraging.

Andy came up with the great idea to ask the linguistics professors. Ah, linguistics. Odds are, they've all heard of Esperanto, so maybe they'd be interested in the idea. I e-mailed them and struck gold. Within days, e-mails came sort of pouring in. Not one, but two linguistics professors expressed interest in being our advisor. A third said he'd told the others in the department and that he'd get back to me with a good candidate. A fourth said that if we couldn't find anyone in the linguistics department, she would help us look for someone. And a lecturer from the Romance languages and literatures department sent me a reply, six weeks late, saying she would also be interested in being our advisor.

Not all responses were positive. One guy said Esperanto was a useless waste of time. But I didn't let that get me down. Instead, I worked out times to meet with the faculty members who thought that Esperanto was a useful non-waste of time. Andy and I met with the first professor on Monday morning. He's an African guy whose main interest is the extinction of languages, and he seemed to recognize Esperanto's potential for saving the many tongues around the world whose speakers are dying out. I'm supposed to meet with the other professor on Friday. It should be interesting.

Unfortunately, we probably won't have time to officially start our club this year; we'll have to wait till the fall, which means we might have to get off to a small start. Well, I was figuring we'd get off to a small start anyway, but the club approval process supposedly takes four to six weeks, and there are only... four weeks left in the semester? Well, maybe there's some time. It's worth a shot, anyway, if we can name a faculty advisor by next week. I'll have to ask the people who deal with approving clubs and see if there's time to squeeze in the approval. Then we can hit the ground running next year.

That's not the only thing I've got going on this week, though. Get Carded, the organ donation awareness group I'm a member of, is having its second annual Lifeapalooza event tomorrow night. A pretty well-known local band called Umoja Orchestra will play a free show, along with a couple of opening acts. There will also be organ recipients talking about why organ donation is so important. It's going to be at a cafe on campus called the Orange and Brew (because our school colors are orange and... blue... ha ha?). Anyway, we're also going to give everyone a free t-shirt and have them form a human ribbon outside (because every cause has to have a ribbon, you know). It should be a great way to end the year.

To help get the word out, I've been passing out flyers (actually cards) on campus. If you walk around college campuses a lot, people probably hand you a lot of glossy cards, about the size of a large index card, that tell you about upcoming concerts or parties or what have you. I'm passing out those. I spent about two hours Monday and Tuesday doing it, and I have a few more to give out tomorrow. Hopefully I've gotten some people interested. Although a lot of people avoid me as I stand in the middle of a foot thoroughfare, most people take the cards I put in front of them, and a few even come up and ask for one. It all adds up. I think the turnout at Lifeapalooza tomorrow will be great.

The call to End Software Patents is pretty common among the nerdy set. Find out what it's all about.

Want to celebrate your next birthday with class while trying to hide your age? Get Roman Candles for your birthday cake, so you can party like it's MCMXCIX.

Someday, I'm going to get a job. I want to work for a company that's friendly to Linux and related software projects. Here's how a number of major companies stand.

Saturday night

Hello, Saturday. This has been the most boring day on record. I woke up around 10:00 as my roommate, Adam, was helping his girlfriend, Xandra, get ready to leave. After doing my weekly backup of my system, I went to the dining hall to eat, but there were tons of people lining up to get in there, so I went to Taco Bell. There were also tons of people in line there, but it was Taco Bell, so I stayed. I think all the people were in tour groups. Adam went fishing, and now he's apparently somewhere with some buddies. I don't think I'd want to be there, though.

Back up your files regularly. I cannot stress this enough. I use sbackup, which has a GNOME user interface. It's probably available in your Linux distribution's package manager... if you use Linux, that is. But seriously, invest in an external hard drive, and that's half the battle right there.

I've been reading Hamlet quite a bit lately. I can't get enough of that Hamlet character. Such wit he has. Even his first line, "A little more than kin, and less than kind," speaks volumes or at least sentences. Then there's this bit in Act 3, Scene 2:

Hamlet: Lady, shall I lie in your lap? [Lying down at Ophelia's feet.]
Ophelia: No, my lord.
Hamlet: I mean, my head upon your lap?
Ophelia: Ay, my lord.
Hamlet: Do you think I meant country matters?*
Ophelia: I think nothing, my lord.
Hamlet: That's a fair thought to lie between maids' legs.
Ophelia: What is, my lord?
Hamlet: Nothing.

*Sylvan Barnet says Hamlet is making a pun here. What a rogue, that Hamlet. A rogue and peasant slave is he.

Who here thinks Hamlet was actually mad? I can't help but think that he kept his wits all along. He just got a little stressed out by the whole thing, though. I do think Ophelia actually went mad, though. Is it an unfair characterization of women that they can so easily snap? Gertrude seems to have a good head on her shoulders, though, once Hamlet clues her in on Claudius's doings.

Last month, I chose my dorm room for next year: it'll be on the same floor in the same building as my current room, but on the other side of the floor. Turns out that this guy Ryan, who was one of my lab partners last semester, picked the same room. Pretty cool. But today he let me know that he changed his room to the building next door because his current RA is going to be over there. Dude must be a pretty awesome RA if he induces that kind of behavior. I never see my RA around, but that's okay. Anyway, Ryan said I could still live with him, but I think I'd rather be in the building I'm in now. It's a little closer to everything that's worth going to. Hopefully Mystery Roommate Selection will work out as well as it did the first time.

In slightly more comforting news, I might have housing secured for the year after next. My current suitemate Evan is getting a place practically across the street from campus, and if he has 3 other guys with him, it'll only be $150 a month each. If I collect, find, or steal $5 a day, I'll have it made in the shade. Not bad, I say. In fact, it meets the three C's, my criteria for an off-campus housing arrangement: close, cheap, and having cool people. I just made that up.

Thanks to everyone who commented on my, uh, little dilemma regarding the opposite sex. The general consensus is, "Jeez, Jordon, you can't learn how to talk to people by reading a book, so cut it out!" For some reason, I disagree. Actually, it's because this one book, How to Talk to Anyone, has some good pointers on making good conversation and getting people to like you. Granted, a lot of it has to do with meeting businesspeople at parties, but a lot of the tips are good in general use as well. I'm already starting to internalize a few of the simpler ones.

Luke gave me something good to chew on: "You are Jordon. Jordon is pretty interesting, but sometimes he forgets to tell people that. You shouldn't be someone else but less ashamed to show people who you are, which is not a list of _what_ you do but more _why_. For what does the history of Jordon serve as preface?" (Usenet-style emphasis in original.)

This site apparently grew out of a thread on Joshua McGee's web site: myhamsterdied.info, a "support group for hammie lovers."

41 Hilarious Science Fair Experiments. At least a few are digitally manipulated, but they're still funny.

The ACLU is keeping a running estimate of the total number of people on US government's "no-fly" list. There's also a list of some notable names on the list. Apparently the government thinks almost a million people -- including dead people, small children, and Ted Kennedy -- are terrorists. (Insert joke about Ted Kennedy's car accident here.)

VD

I'm still alive, really. I've been busy. I present to you a post I started working on yesterday but didn't have time to finish.

Tuesday was Free Pancake Day at IHOP, and my sister really wanted to go. We went with our friend Amanda. The pancakes were good. They tasted really free. Since man cannot live on pancakes alone, I also had some eggs Benedict. The point of letting everyone have a free short stack was to raise money for charity, so we did our part. In that sense, the pancakes weren't really free.

They still tasted free, though.

Also Tuesday, I had my first test in my programming class. I think I got an A. It helps when you already know some basic programming concepts. Today in programming discussion, we were doing exercises with loops (which were just taught yesterday). The hardest one was to implement Leibniz's calculation of pi. I got it, and I've been playing around with it. It turns out that it converges to pi extremely slowly. With 1 billion terms, it's accurate only to 8 decimal places.

Of course, the proverbial elephant in the room is that it's Valentine's Day. You know what that means: it's my anniversary... of switching to Linux. You probably know how I feel about Valentine's Day, or you can probably guess. After reading this, you will be able to guess.

I went to a Gator Freethought meeting last night. To make things interesting, the topic of discussion was how your religious beliefs affect your views on love, sex, dating, and the like. To make things more interesting, "stoplight" dress code was made optional: wear green if you're single, red if you're taken, and yellow if you're "It's Complicated." While the people there spent the entire time debating the definition of love, I couldn't help but wonder: Why cant everyone dress this way all the time then we wouldn't have any problems or rather I wouldn't have any problems. Seriously the last 3 girls I asked out or wanted to ask out were already taken and I didn't know it at the time WTF. I hate this. I really do. And it's only getting worse. I'm just going to make this clear:

I can't get a date.

There. I said it, for everyone to hear. It's hard to exude coolness and confidence with a track record like the one I have.

However, I do have some joy in my life by volunteering for Get Carded, which gives out organ donor cards. Today we gave out cards with a Valentine's twist: "Have a heart, sign a donor card" was the slogan, and the idea drew some people. The chocolates also drew some people, no doubt. It was a productive day, though, and that's good. I like knowing that I'm helping to save lives.

Time for Ask Jordon:

Brian: Is Justin secretly Stephen Rea?

Your IP address indicates that you sent this from the University of Oregon. Is Brian secretly my friend Luke?

Dan in Japan: Did you ever read Pulp Novels? If so, did you have a favorite hero? (Example - The Spider, the Shadow.. etc.)

No, Dan the Man in Japan, I've never read those kinds of things. I think they were before my time. I thought Pulp Fiction was okay, though. By the way, your IP address indicates that you are in Japan. Good job.

Just to fit into the theme we've got going here, here are 50 Very Simple Ways to Be Romantic.

And this probably fits in too: Your Eyes Don't Lie - Reading Thoughts By Eye Movements.